During the early-1970s, for my doctoral dissertation, I was principal developer of the clinical expert system known as MYCIN. After a pause for internal medicine house-staff training at Harvard and Stanford between 1976 and 1979, I joined the Stanford internal medicine faculty where I directed a research program in biomedical informatics. My interests include the broad range of issues related to integrated decision-support systems and their effective implementation. In the early 1980s, I worked to create the Stanford degree program in biomedical informatics. From 1995-1999, I served as Associate Dean for Information Resources and Technology at Stanford University School of Medicine. I then moved to Columbia University, where I served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Biomedical Informatics from January 2000 to March 2007. Thereafter I moved to Arizona to become the founding dean of the Phoenix campus of the University of Arizona's College of Medicine. I stepped down from that role in May 2008 and, in January 2009, transitioned to a primary academic appointment as Professor of Biomedical Informatics at Arizona State University. In July 2009, I succeeded Dr. Don E. Detmer as President and CEO of AMIA, the professional association for informatics in health care and biomedicine. In November 2009 I left Arizona to assume a part-time faculty position in the School of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston. I then moved to New York in October 2011 to return to the faculty as an adjunct professor in the Department of Biomedical Informatics at Columbia University. I completed my term as AMIA President on March 31, 2012 and on April 1st assumed a 5-year position as Scholar in Residence at the New York Academy of Medicine. I also served as a Senior Executive Consultant to IBM Watson Health from 2016-2020. My wife and I maintain our primary residence in New York City, although we also have a home in Phoenix, AZ. We spend several months per year there at Arizona State University, where we are both adjunct professors of Biomedical Informatics in the College of Health Solutions. I also joined the faculty at Weill Cornell Medical College as an adjunct professor in July 2013.

My publications are summarized on ResearchGate, ORCID, and in my Curriculum Vitae. Books include:

• Computer-Based Medical Consultations: MYCIN (Elsevier/North Holland, 1976)
• Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence: the First Decade (with W.J. Clancey; Addison-Wesley, 1984)
• Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (with B.G. Buchanan; Addison-Wesley, 1984).
• Medical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine (with L.E. Perreault, G. Wiederhold, and L.M. Fagan; first edition, Addison-Wesley, 1990; second edition, Springer Verlag, 2000.
• Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine (with J.J. Cimino); third edition (2006) and fourth edition (2014), Springer Verlag.
• Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine (with J.J. Cimino and M.F. Chiang), fifth edition (2021), Springer.